Understanding Flame Arrestors: When to Choose Deflagration vs. Detonation Models

Flame arrestors are an essential safety feature in various industrial processes involving flammable gases or liquids. These devices are designed to prevent the spread of flames and explosions by restricting the flow of ignited vapours. However, not all flame arrestors are the same. There are two main types: deflagration and detonation models. Each type has its own specific function and purpose in different scenarios.

Deflagration Flame Arrestor

A deflagration flame arrestor is a passive device that, due to its structure and design, slows down and cools an ignited vapour mixture. This type of flame arrestor is suitable for suppressing slow-moving, subsonic flames that are normally produced by deflagrations, i.e. relatively slow-burning explosions. The deflagration model consists of a series of static baffles or porous masses that contain the flame, causing it to extinguish before it reaches the other side of the cutter. These models are often used in processes involving small storage tanks, silos or pipelines where there is a risk of deflagration.

Detonation Flame Arrestor

The detonation flame arrestor, on the other hand, is a more robust and active device used in applications where there is a risk of detonation accompanied by high velocity flames and supersonic noise. Unlike deflagration arrestors, these models are designed to extinguish flames at very high pressures and temperatures and prevent excessive pressure from building up. Instead of relying on air resistance and cooling, detonation models use an extinguishing element, such as a chemical barrier. This absorbs heat and disperses the gas through small holes. This type of flame arrestor is most commonly used in fuel tanks, refineries and chemical plants where the risk of detonation is greater.

Choosing the Right Flame Arrestor

In summary, the choice between deflagration and detonation flame arrestors depends on the nature of the process and the type of flame or explosion that may occur. Deflagration models are suitable for slower flames, while detonation models are required for higher velocity explosions. It is therefore essential to consider the specific requirements and potential hazards of each process so that you can select the right type of flame arrestor and ensure maximum safety.

 

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